Friday, November 13, 2009

Latin Subjunctive -3

What exists behind the subjunctive? Or what kind of things would (or could) exist behind the subjunctive ?

A general answer will be potential. Potential has not been realized (when time is involved). Potential is not 100% fixed, not 100% defined, not 100% specified but rather fixed, defined, specified to some degree either intentionally or unintentionally (due to some force) by a speaker or writer.
Here, the point is to some degree. By using the engineering terms, potential is specified with a certain (specified) tolerance, which is usually called 'characteristic' of products - a group of products. This concept - fixed, defined, specified to some degree - explains some of the the following uses of subjunctive.

Uses of the Subjunctive (defined below)
Main clauses
Subordinate clauses
Potential Subj.
Optative Subj.
Volitive Subj.
Hortatory Subj.
Jussive Subj.
Prohibitive Subj.
Concessive Subj.
Deliberative Subj.

















Purpose Clause
Relative Clause of Characteristic
Result Clause
Fear Clause
Causal Clause
Cum Temporal
Cum...Tum
Antequam/Postquam
Dum Clause
Substantive Clause
Volitive Subst. Clause/Indirect Imperatives
Optative Subst. Clause
Result Subst. Clause
Quin Subst. Clause
Indirect Questions
Adversitive Clause
Subj. by Attraction
Logical Conditions
Ideal Conditions
Future Less Vivid
Unreal Conditions
Present Contrary to Fact
Past Contrary to Fact
General Conditions
Present General
Past General
Condition of Comparison


There is no infinitive of purpose (e.g. "I went to the store to buy bread") in Latin. Instead, the Romans use the subordinate conjunctive ut/ne + the subjunctive mood to express purpose.

o Edimus ut vivamus. We eat in order to live.
Likewise there are no articles in Latin equivalent to the indefinite article 'a' and definite article 'the'. How to solve this problem - distinction between 'a' and definite article 'the'? Historically this is preposterous. Why and how 'a' and 'the' started to be used in English? This is another big topic to study.

The article 'the' is relatively simple because 'the' is definite - defined (fixed, specified). The indefinite article 'a' is not this simple because 'indefinite' does not mean 'non-definite' (100% or completely 'not definite') and it means rather 'not-definite' or 'partially definite' or 'definite to some degree'. Some is indefinite - indefinite pronoun - indefinite adjective.

sptt

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