日本語の＜見る＞の複合動詞と英語表現

 

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日本語の＜見る＞の複合動詞と英語表現 についてチェックしてみる。 英語の＜見る＞の主なものに他動詞の to see と自動詞の to look があり、少しややこしい。さらには、to watch、to gaze がある。さらにはラテン語系の＜* spect＜がある。. to look、to gaze は自動詞なので、前置詞または副詞が必要。to watch は to watch TV で他動詞。一方日本語の＜見る＞は慣用表現を含め複合動詞が非常に多い。かなり前のポスト

見る、 見える、見せる、見止める、見なす　July 3, 2012

参照

＜あいうえお＞順に並べてみると

見上げる 　to look up、慣用表現として to respect。見上げたものだ。
見当たる　自動詞　 to see and hit (literal translation), to be found, usually negative use, not be found 　見当たらない
見あやまる　to see wrongly
見入 (い) る 　自動詞　to look in, to gaze
見失う　 to lose sight of, to miss
見送る　 to see off  (と辞書に出て来るが、ほとんど聞かない）to say "Good by" で済む。
見おさめる　to see and end seeing (literal translation), to end to see
見おろす　to look down on
見落とす   to see and drop (literal translation), to fail to see, to miss to see
見返す　 to look back　これは慣用用法がある。説明が難しいが to see you again after bouncing back (to start to be successful again after a difficult period, for example after experiencing failure, loss of confidence, illness, or unhappiness.) がこれに近い。
見返る　 to look back, look behind
見限 (かぎ) る　to see and limit (literal translation), to end to see, to abandon
見かける　 to see and hook (literal translation), to see accidentally
見かねる 　 cannot see, not to see when you must see  見るに見かねる
見交わす　to look at each other　互いに見る。
見切る　to see and cut (literal translation), to stop seeing, to abandon
見極める　to see and reach the limit (literal translation), to see and choose, decide
見下 (くだ) す to look down (someone)
見越 (こ) す  to see across (literal translation), to expect　　この＜越す＞acrossではなく＜前もってXXをする＞。＜取り越し苦労＞もこの用法。
見込む　to see and pack (confine), to expect, to estimate
見殺す、見殺しにする　 to see someone killed without try to stop it
見くびる　to look down (someone), to underestimate
見下 (さ) げる　 to look down (someone)
見定める　 to see and fix (literal translation), to see and decide
見知る　 to see and become to know
見知りおく　to see and become to know
見すかす　 to see through, to see something intentionally hidden
見過ごす　 to look at and pass  (literal translation), to fail to see, to miss to see, to fail to recognize
見捨てる　to see and abandon
見すます　to see clearly, to see well 　狙 (ねら) いすます
見せかける　to pretend, to make oneself to be seen like xx, 見せる＝to show
見せ示 (しめ) す　to show and indicate, usually noun use 見せしめ
見せつける　 to show off, to let someone see
見せびらかす　 to show off
見そこなう　 to see wrongly by overestimation
見そびれる　 to fail to see, to miss to see with regret
見そめる　 慣用表現　 to fall in love by seeing
見い出す    too see and out  (literal translation), to find out
見立てる 　to see something and make it stand, to see/ recognize / regard something as xx
見違う　 to fail to see correctly
見違える　 to fail to see wrongly, to fail to see wrongly by underestimation
見つかる　自動詞　 to be found out
見つくろう　to see and select and arrange properly
見つける　to find out, to spot
見つめる　to see and pack oneself  (literal translation), to see intensively, to gaze
見積もる　to see and pile up  (literal translation), to estimate
見通 (とお) す　 to see through to see through, to foresee
見とどける　 to see and reach end (literal translation), to see until a result comes out
見止 (留) める（認める）to see and fix (literal translation), to recognize
見取る 　to see and take  (literal translation), to see and understand, to recognize, to look after until the end of life of someone
見とれる　to see and to be captured
見直す　to see once again, to review
見なす　 to see, to regard something as xx
見習う　to learn by seeing, to follow a good thing of someone else
見抜く　to see through, to see and understand in deep
見逃す　to fail to see, to miss to see, to overlook
見はからう　to see well and arrange properly accordingly, to see and prepare
見果てる　 to see the end －　usually negative use, see endlessly 見果てぬ
見放す　to see and abandon, to abandon while seeing
見晴らす　to look far extensively
見張る　to watch, to keep watching a person or place
見まう　他動詞　to see a patient　自動詞　to visit, to hit (to be visited / hit, 災害が見まう)
見まがう　to see and to be mixed up, to see and take wrongly
見まちがう　to see wrongly
見守る　 to look after, to watch
見回す 　to look around
見回る　 to walk around and look, to patrol
見向く　自動詞　to look at to, toward,　usually negative 　見向きもしない even not look at
見やる　to take a look at to, toward
見分ける 　to see differences, to look for differences
見渡す　to look far

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注１）

上の例をよく見ると、to look が＜物理的な目で見る＞が多いのに対し、 to see は＜頭で見る＞ような意味が多い。

見極める　to see and choose, decide
見そこなう　 to see wrongly by overestimation
見定める　 to see and fix (literal translation), decide
見止 (留) める（認める）to see and fix (literal translation), to recognize
見なす　 to see, to regard something as xx
見習う　to learn by seeing, to follow a good thing of someone else
("I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand." - Confucius)
見抜く　to see through, to see and understand in deep
見分ける 　to see differences, to look for differences

注２）

to look は自動詞で、前置詞、副詞をつけた熟語が多い。

to look after - 面倒をみる。　to take care of someone or something.
to look at 見る、目をやる
to look down 見下げる
look forward to xx (noun)　xx を期待する
to look into  ‐   to investigate something, to inspect
to look out ! 　- 　watch out !　　あぶない、気を付けろ！
to look over - to inspect something
to look up  -   search for and find a piece of information in a book or database.

 

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