前回のポスと "＜つく＞、＜つける＞の複合動詞と英語表現 " の最後の方で接頭辞＜a-, ad-＞にふれたが、to attach の反対語は、接頭辞を意識すれば to detach だ。接頭辞＜de-＞は明らかに＜ｘｘ離れる＞、＜ｘｘ離す＞の意がある。
接頭辞＜de-＞と＜dis-＞については Dictionary com には
affix＜de-＞
という解説があり、この中に removal, and separation；apart, away がある。以上を参考にaffix＜de-＞、affix＜dis-＞の語を探してみる。
a prefix occurring in loanwords from Latin ( decide ); also used to indicate privation, removal, and separation ( dehumidify ), negation ( demerit; derange ), descent ( degrade; deduce ), reversal ( detract ), intensity ( decompound ).
"
affix＜dis-＞
a Latin prefix meaning “apart,” “asunder,” “away,” “utterly,” or having a privative, negative, or reversing force ( de-, un- 2 ); used freely, especially with these latter senses, as an English formative:
"
という解説があり、この中に removal, and separation；apart, away がある。以上を参考にaffix＜de-＞、affix＜dis-＞の語を探してみる。
＜離れる＞の代表は to depart だろう。汎用的な動詞に to leave があるが、自動詞としては＜去る＞感じだ。また他動詞としては＜置いて去る＞の意になる。to deviate (規格、基準から離れる) は＜離れる＞感じがある。
＜取り去る＞では to detach、to deprive だろう。to deprive はトゥリッキーな動詞で、to rob と同じく
to deprive someone of something としなければならない。
to deprive 取り去る、奪い去る
prevent (a person or place) from having or using something.
"the city was deprived of its water supplies"
synonyms: dispossess, strip, divest, relieve, bereave, rob of, (以下略)
その他にもいろいろある。
to disappointed がっかりさせる、期待を取り去る
to discard 捨てる、捨て去る
to decay 自動詞 朽ちる、衰える （良好、正常な状態から離れる）
to discharge ＜放電する＞以外に、＜任務から外す＞の意がある。
to decline かたむく (傾く、片向く) 、落ち目になる（良好な状態から離れる）
to decompose 自動詞 分解する、朽 (く) ちる
to decouple 最近ニュースで＜アメリカの中国 decoupling＞ というのをよく聞く、見る。
to discourage 勇気を取り去る、やる気を削 (そ) ぐ
to discover 発見する、カバーを取り去る
to discover 発見する、カバーを取り去る
to discriminate 差別する（他のモノから離す）
to deduct (算数) 引く、一部を取り去る
to deduct (算数) 引く、一部を取り去る
to disengage ｘｘの関与、関係から離れる
separate or release (someone or something) from something to which they are attached or connected.
"I disengaged his hand from mine"
synonyms: remove, detach, disentangle, extricate, separate, release, loosen, loose, disconnect, unfasten, unclasp, unclick, uncouple, decouple, undo, unhook, unloose, unhitch, untie, unyoke, disentwine, free, set free, liberate, disjoin, disunite, disarticulate
to differentiate 差別化する (必ずしも悪い意味ではない)
to degrade 名誉を取り去る、卑 (いや) しめる
synonyms:demean, debase, devalue, disgrace, dishonour to deject to make sad or dispirited; to depress. 精気、意気、元気を取り去る
to dislodge (ある場所から) 取り除く、取り去る、追い出す
displace, depose, topple, overturn, bring down, bring low, bring about the downfall of, drum out, kick out, boot out, defenestrate, turf out
displace, depose, topple, overturn, bring down, bring low, bring about the downfall of, drum out, kick out, boot out, defenestrate, turf out
to dismantle (組み立てあるものを) 分解する
to diminish 自動詞 減る、消え去る to decrease, to decline
to dismiss 解雇する、免職する（離れさす）、放逐する（去らせる）、追い出す、捨て去る1) order or allow to leave; send away.
"she dismissed the taxi at the corner of the road"
synonyms: send away, let go, release, free, disband, disperse, dissolve, discharge, demobilize
"she dismissed the taxi at the corner of the road"
synonyms: send away, let go, release, free, disband, disperse, dissolve, discharge, demobilize
2) treat as unworthy of serious consideration.
"it would be easy to dismiss him as all brawn (physical strength in contrast to brain) and no brain"
synonyms: banish, put away, set aside, lay aside, abandon, have done with, drop, disregard, brush off, shrug off, forget, think no more of, pay no heed to, put out of one's mind, reject, deny, repudiate, spurn, scoff at, sneer at, pooh-pooh
"it would be easy to dismiss him as all brawn (physical strength in contrast to brain) and no brain"
synonyms: banish, put away, set aside, lay aside, abandon, have done with, drop, disregard, brush off, shrug off, forget, think no more of, pay no heed to, put out of one's mind, reject, deny, repudiate, spurn, scoff at, sneer at, pooh-pooh
to demolish (建物を）壊す、破壊する、取り去る to knock down, to pull down
to demote 降格させる to promote 昇格させる
to denounce 非難する、責める、非を鳴らす、糾弾する to announce, アナウンスする、to pronounce 発音する
to deplete 消し去る
to despair 落胆させる、希望、望みを取り去る desperate 形容詞
to disperse まき散らす
to dispatch 発送する、送り出す（ｘｘから去らす）
1) send off to a destination or for a purpose.
"he dispatched messages back to base"
synonyms: send, send off, mail, ship, freight, forward, transmit, consign, remit, convey, post
2) deal with (a task or opponent) quickly and efficiently.
"the Welsh team were dispatched comfortably by the opposition"
synonyms: deal with, finish, dispose of, conclude, settle, sort out, discharge, execute, perform, expedite, push through, accelerate, hasten, speed up, hurry on, make short work of
1) send off to a destination or for a purpose.
"he dispatched messages back to base"
synonyms: send, send off, mail, ship, freight, forward, transmit, consign, remit, convey, post
2) deal with (a task or opponent) quickly and efficiently.
"the Welsh team were dispatched comfortably by the opposition"
synonyms: deal with, finish, dispose of, conclude, settle, sort out, discharge, execute, perform, expedite, push through, accelerate, hasten, speed up, hurry on, make short work of
to dispense 配 (くば) る
1) distribute or provide (a service or information) to a number of people.
"orderlies (attendants in a hospital responsible for the non-medical care of patients) went round dispensing drinks"
synonyms: distribute, pass round, pass out, hand out, deal out, dole out, share out, divide out, parcel out, allocate, allot, apportion, assign, bestow, confer, supply, disburse, dish out
1) distribute or provide (a service or information) to a number of people.
"orderlies (attendants in a hospital responsible for the non-medical care of patients) went round dispensing drinks"
synonyms: distribute, pass round, pass out, hand out, deal out, dole out, share out, divide out, parcel out, allocate, allot, apportion, assign, bestow, confer, supply, disburse, dish out
2) manage without (ｘｘなしで済ます） or get rid of.
"let's dispense with the formalities, shall we?"
synonyms: waive, omit, drop, leave out, forgo, give up, relinquish, renounce, ignore, disregard, pass over, brush aside, do away with, put a stop to, put an end to, cut out, give something a miss, knock something on the head, get rid of, throw away, throw out, cast aside, dispose of, discard, shed, manage without, do without, cope without, ditch, scrap, axe, junk, dump, chuck out, chuck away, get shut of, get shot of, trash
"let's dispense with the formalities, shall we?"
synonyms: waive, omit, drop, leave out, forgo, give up, relinquish, renounce, ignore, disregard, pass over, brush aside, do away with, put a stop to, put an end to, cut out, give something a miss, knock something on the head, get rid of, throw away, throw out, cast aside, dispose of, discard, shed, manage without, do without, cope without, ditch, scrap, axe, junk, dump, chuck out, chuck away, get shut of, get shot of, trash
to disperse まき散らす
to dispirit 精気、意気、元気を取り去る、期待を取り去る
to dispirit 精気、意気、元気を取り去る、期待を取り去る
to displace 立ち退かす、立ち去らせる
to depreciate 自動詞 減価償却する、価値を減らす 名詞 depreciation 減価償却 (会計用語)
"the latest cars will depreciate heavily in the first year"
synonyms: decrease in value, lose value, decline in price, drop in price, fall in price, cheapen, devalue
to appreciate は＜高く評価する＞ ー＞ 感謝する (よく使う) to depress 意気、元気を取り去る
to derail 他動詞 脱線させる (線路から離れる、外れる）
to derail 他動詞 脱線させる (線路から離れる、外れる）
to desert 名詞 desert は砂漠の意。なじみはないが動詞用法もある。
abandon (a person, cause, or organization) in a way considered disloyal or treacherous.synonyms: abandon, leave, give up, cast off, turn one's back on, throw over, (以下略) の意がある。 見捨てる、見離 (はな) す、縁を切る、縁を取り去る
abandon (a person, cause, or organization) in a way considered disloyal or treacherous.synonyms: abandon, leave, give up, cast off, turn one's back on, throw over, (以下略) の意がある。 見捨てる、見離 (はな) す、縁を切る、縁を取り去る
to dispirit 精気、意気、元気を取り去る、期待を取り去る
to dispose of (noun: disposal) 自動詞で＜of＞が必要。捨てる、捨て去る、処分する
to disrupt (一時的に) 混乱させる、(一時的に) 不通にする、 (正常運行を）止める（取り去る）
interrupt (an event, activity, or process) by causing a disturbance or problem.
"flooding disrupted rail services"
synonyms: throw into confusion, throw into disorder, throw into disarray, cause confusion/turmoil in, play havoc with, derange, turn upside-down, make a mess of, disturb, disorder, disorganize, disarrange, interfere with, upset, unsettle, convulse, interrupt, suspend, discontinue, obstruct, impede, hamper, hold up, delay, retard, slow (down)
to desolate 荒廃させる (繁栄を取り去る)
get rid of by throwing away or giving or selling to someone else.
"the waste is disposed of in the North Sea"
synonyms: throw away, throw out, cast out, get rid of, do away with, discard,
jettison, abandon, eject, unload, scrap, destroy, dump, ditch, chuck,
chuck out, chuck away, junk, get shut of, get shot of, trash, part with,
give away, make over, hand over, deliver up, bestow, transfer, sell,
auction, palm off, fob off, see the back of
to disregard 無視する、注意、配慮を取り去る
pay no attention to; ignore.
"the body of evidence is too substantial to disregard"
synonyms: ignore, take no notice of, take no account of, pay no attention/heed to, refuse to acknowledge, discount, set aside, forget, overlook, dismiss, turn a blind eye to, turn a deaf ear to, shut one's eyes to, pass over, gloss over, brush off/aside, shrug off, look the other way, laugh off, make light of, thumb one's nose at, write off, blank
pay no attention to; ignore.
"the body of evidence is too substantial to disregard"
synonyms: ignore, take no notice of, take no account of, pay no attention/heed to, refuse to acknowledge, discount, set aside, forget, overlook, dismiss, turn a blind eye to, turn a deaf ear to, shut one's eyes to, pass over, gloss over, brush off/aside, shrug off, look the other way, laugh off, make light of, thumb one's nose at, write off, blank
interrupt (an event, activity, or process) by causing a disturbance or problem.
"flooding disrupted rail services"
synonyms: throw into confusion, throw into disorder, throw into disarray, cause confusion/turmoil in, play havoc with, derange, turn upside-down, make a mess of, disturb, disorder, disorganize, disarrange, interfere with, upset, unsettle, convulse, interrupt, suspend, discontinue, obstruct, impede, hamper, hold up, delay, retard, slow (down)
to desolate 荒廃させる (繁栄を取り去る)
Latin dēsōlātus “forsaken,” past participle of dēsōlāre, from dē- de- + sōlāre “to make lonely”
to destroy 壊 ( こわ) す、破壊する、崩 (くず) し去る、壊し去る noun: destruction
to reduce (an object) to useless fragments, a useless form, or remains,
as by rending, burning, or dissolving; injure beyond repair or renewal; demolish
synonyms: devastate
Origin: Latin dēstruere ( dē- de- + struere “to pick up, build”)
to detain 引き留める、遅らす ＜ｘｘから離して保つ＞。to attain 得る、sustain 維持する、to restrain 抑える、抑制する、引きとめる。＜-tain＞は to hold の意。
Origin: Latin dētinēre, equivalent to dē- de- + -tinēre, combining form of tenēre “to hold”
to deteriorate 悪化する、衰える（健康 良好な状態から離れる）
to dethrone 王位を奪い去る
to distinguish 区別する（他のモノから離す）
recognize or treat (someone or something) as different.
"the child is perfectly capable of distinguishing reality from fantasy"
synonyms: differentiate, tell apart, discriminate, discern, determine, pick out, tell the difference between, decide between
recognize or treat (someone or something) as different.
"the child is perfectly capable of distinguishing reality from fantasy"
synonyms: differentiate, tell apart, discriminate, discern, determine, pick out, tell the difference between, decide between
to detract （注意などを）そらす ー to attract
to distribute 分配する、配り分ける
to devastate 破壊する、荒廃させる。人にも用いる。I am devastated (very shocked and upset).
Origin: Latin dēvastātus “laid waste” (past participle of dēvastāre ), equivalent to dē- + vast(āre) “to lay waste” (akin to vastus “empty”) + -ātus
to develop 発展、進展、展開する。これは＜ｘｘ離れる＞、＜ｘｘ離す＞、＜ｘｘ去る＞と関係ないよだが、語源は
Old French desveloper, equivalent to des- dis- 1( def ) + voloper “to wrap up”; envelop ( def )
で後半の＜velop＞は＜包む＞、de+velop ＜包み込む＞で、＜つつみ＞から＜離れる＞、＜去る＞の意になる。名詞は development で意味も発展、進展、展開で、発展だけではない。事態、状況、プロジェクトの進展、展開の意ででよく使われる。
ーーーーー
＜取り去る、奪い去る＞については、行為の結果として＜取り去られた、奪い去られた＞ものはなくなることに注目しよう。
to dispatch 発送する、送り出す（ｘｘから去らす）
to dispense 配 (くば) る、使う、使い減らす、使い去る
to distribute 分配する、配り分け
も＜取り去る、奪い去る＞の意はないが、行為の結果としてモノはなくなる。
ーーーーー
参考
＜ｘｘ離れる＞、＜ｘｘ離す＞
＜ｘｘ離れる＞
離れる to depart
＜ｘｘを離す＞
to detach, to separate
＜外 (はず) れる＞、＜ｘｘを外す＞
外れる to come off, to go off取り外す to detach
＜自動詞＋去る＞
崩 (くず) れ去る to demolish
過ぎ去る to pass、 to pass by、to pass away は慣用表現で＜死ぬ＞
立ち去る to depart
飛び去る to fly away
流れ去る to flow away
逃げ去る to run away
走り去る to run away
＜他動詞＋去る＞
奪い去る 奪って去る。to rob someone of something, to deprive of someone of something
置き去る 置いてさる。to leave ＜置き去 (ざ)り＞という慣用句がある。
切り去る 切り取ってなくす to cut away
崩 (くず) し去る to demolish
消し去る to deplete, to deduct
取り去る to deprive, to dispose
流し去る 流してなくす。溝にたまった泥を流しさる。 to wash away
抜き去る ｘｘ（誰だれ）を抜いて行く、去る。
脱ぎ去る 脱いでなくす。古い習慣を脱ぎ去る（脱ぎ捨てる）。 to take off
拭 (ぬぐ) い去る 拭ってなくす。 to rub off
運び去る モノを運んで去る。元の場所にはモノはなくなる。 to carry away
拭 (ふ) き去る 拭いてなくす。 to wipe away
吹き去る 吹き飛ばし去る。吹き飛ばしてなくす。 to blow away
葬 (ほうむ) り去る 葬 (ほうむ) ってなくす。必ずしも殺人 (殺して見えなくする) とは限らない。＜見えなくする＞の強調ともいえる。
持ち去る モノを持って去る。元の場所にはモノはなくなる。to take away
破り去る to rip off, to tear off, to destroy
忘れ去る 忘れて、記憶からなくす。
ｓｐｔｔ
No comments:
Post a Comment