From my Italian Drill Book
incorragiare a (this should be incorragiare qn a) (*)
inseganre a (this should be insegnare qn a) (*)
invitare a (this should be invitare qn a) (*)
mandare a - Note -1
------
dire di to tell someone to do something (this should be <dire a qn di fare qc>)
domadare di (this should be domandare qn di or no <+ infinitive use>) - Note -2
pemerettere di (this should be permettere a qn di) (*)
pregare di (this should be pregare qn di) (*)
proibire di (this should be proibire a qn di) (*)
From Collins Dictionary Grammar Section
Pattern A
1) abituare qn a infin
2) aiutare qn a infin
3) inncorragiare qn a infin (*)
4) invitare qn a infin (*)
5) obrigare qn a infin
6) pregare qn a infin (*)
7) preparere qn a infin
8) spingere qn a infin
Pattern B
1) acusare qn di infin
2) convincere qn di infin
3) forzare qn di infin
4) impedire qn di infin
5) ingrazare qn di inifn
Pattern C
1) insegnare a qn a infin (*)
Pattern D
1) chiedere a qn di infin
2) consentire a qn di infin
3) consigliare a qn di infin
4) ordenare a qn di infin
5) perdonare a qn di (perf.) infin
6) permettere a qn di infin (*)
7) proibire a qn di infin (*)
8) vietare a qn di infin
Pattern D.
we have checked the following patters before (Italian verbs governing ＜a＞ and ＜di＞ - 1)
consentire qc a qn --> consentire a qn di infin
consigliare qc a qn --> condigliare a qn di infin
permettere qc a qn --> permettere a qn di infin
promettere qc a qn --> promettere a qn di infin
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Any particular differences ? What are in common in each Group ? We saw the followings in the previous posts on this study.
In the post " Intransitive verb + a + infinitive (with no object noun / pronoun)" I wrote
"
Intransitive verb + <a + infin> is an additional description, usually <in order to do something>. So <a> is regarded as <in order to> but may not be always so.
Io vado a fare qc. (I go to do something.)
Tu vieni a fare qc.. (You come to do something.)
may mean, simply or very generally
Io vado e fare qc. (I go and do something. My Collins dictionary says this way.)
"
Can we apply this to the above cases of <with an object noun / pronoun> ? The answer seems "No". The sentence structures are fundamentally different. A verb used with an object noun / pronoun is a Transitive verb, not Intransitive verb.
"
Look at <consentire> Reveso Dictinary
"
consentire
vi, (aus avere)
consentire a qc/a fare qc to agree o consent to sth/to do sth
2 vt
consentire a qn qc/di fare qc to allow o permit sb sth/to do sth
è un lavoro che non consente distrazioni you can't afford to be distracted in this kind of job
mi si consenta di ringraziare I would like to thank ..
"
In case of Intransitive verb
consentire a fare qc, a + infinitive, and it means
I agree that I do something, or I agree and I will do something
In case of Transitive verb
1) consentire a qn di fare qc, di + infinitive, and it means
I agree that you do or will do something
2) è un lavoro che non consente distrazioni you can't afford to be distracted in this kind of job
how to interpret this Italian sentence and the English translation ?
consentire - conjugation
io consento
tu consenti
lui consente
noi consentiamo
voi consentite
loro consentono
distrazioni (pl) < -- distrazione
sf
a. (caratteristica) absent-mindedness , (disattenzione) carelessness
errori di distrazione slips of the pen, careless mistakes
mi scusi, è stato un attimo di distrazione I'm sorry, I wasn't thinking
b. (divertimento) distraction, amusement, entertainment
In this case a) is applied.
Therefore the more direct translation of the Italian sentence is
This is a kind of job that does not allow (you to do) careless mistake.
Then
3) mi si consenta di ringraziare... I would like to thank ...
This is definitely requires some explanation.
<consenta> in this is subjunctive (would in English)
consentire - Subjunctive (Congiuntivo in Italian)
che io consenta
che tu consenta
che lui consenta
che noi consentiamo
che voi consentiate
che loro consentano
Besides we need what <consentirsi> means and how it is used.
From also Reveso Ditionany
'consentirsi' found in translations in English-Italian dictionary
enable v. 1 (allow) consentire: permettere; garantire
Therefore
mi si consenta di ringrazziare . . . .
In infinitve <consentarsi (= to allow) mi di ringrazziare . . . .
I also wrote
"
The difference is obvious and interesting. It seems
cominciare, iniziare, mettersi (to begin) takes <a infin> and
cessare, finire, smettere (to finish, to stop) takes <di infin>.
"
Can we apply this to the cases of <with an object noun / pronoun> ? The answer seems "No" again. So we must find something else.
Pattern A
1) abituare qn a infin
2) aiutare qn a infin
3) inncorragiare qn a infin
4) invitare qn a infin
5) obrigare qn a infin
6) pregare qn a infin
7) preparere qn a infin
8) spingere qn a infin to urge sb to do
What are common in this Group A ? These are not simply <to start (to do) something> but some still have some connotation of
to do something new - 1) abituare qn a infin, 3) inncorragiare qn a infin (to challenge to do something new) and 7) preparere qn a infin (get s.o. ready to do do).
But mostly <to make someone do something>. <to make s.o. do> is very general and does not require <to infinitive>, and its equivalent Italian is <fare>.
Pattern B
1) acusare qn di infin
2) convincere qn di infin
3) forzare qn di infin
4) impedire qn di infin
5) ingrazare qn di inifn
These, espeially 2) 3) 4), are more closer to <fare (to make)> but require <di infin>.
Pattern C
1) insegnare a qn a infin (*)
Pattern C may not be so common.
Pattern D
1) chiedere a qn di infin
2) consentire a qn di infin
3) consigliare q qn di infin
4) ordenare a qn di infin
5) perdonare a qn di (perf.) infin
6) permettere a qn di infin (*)
7) proibire a qn di infin (*)
8) vietare a qn di infin
Pattern D is most interesting but very complicated as well.
English verb <to ask> is very commonly used while it is not easy to use it correctly for non-English native speakers, I think. So let us study how to use <to ask> and then study some Italian equivalents.
to ask
1 vt
a (inquire) to ask sb sth domandare qc a qn, chiedere qc a qn
to ask sb a question fare una domanda a qn
to ask sb the time chiedere l'ora a qn
b (request) to ask sb for sth/sb to do sth chiedere qc a qn/a qn di fare qc
to ask sb a favour chiedere un piacere or un favore a qn
c (invite) to ask sb to sth/to do sth invitare qn a qc/a fare qc
have you asked Matthew to the party? hai invitato Matthew alla festa?
to ask sb to dinner invitare qn a cena
2 vi (inquire) chiedere , (request) richiedere
to ask about sth informarsi su or di qc
I asked about train times to Leeds mi sono informato sugli orari dei treni per Leeds
As shown in vt - a) in English <to ask> is used as <to ask sb sth> while in Italian <chiedere qc a qn>. <to ask sb sth> is some how a strange structure and very direct. <sb> is originaly <to sb> and <to ask sth to sb> like Italian. <sth> is a Direct onject so <to ask> is Transitive.
<to ask sb a question> is slso strange. Should be <to make a question to sb>. <sb > of <to ask sb a question> is <to sb>. <sb > is regarded as an indirect object but looks like or heard like a direct object. <to ask sb the time> is the same. <to sb> changed to or contracted to <sb> and changed the position. <to ask a question sb> is really strange.
vt - b) in English is more interesting.
to ask sb for sth / to do something - invitare qn a qc / a fare qc (why <a> and not <di> as <chiedere a qn di fare> ?)
In Italian <qn> is a direct object so the verb <invitare> is a Transitive verb. How about English <ask sb> ? If like above -a) if <sb> is an Intransitive object <to ask> here become Intransitive as <to ask> in <to ask for sth> is Intransitive.
<to ask sb a favor> is also strange. But I use <Would you do me a favor ?>often and it can be changed to <I would like to ask you a favor.> and will never use <I would like to ask a favor you.> The word order prevail and the sentence becomes compact and economical.
The Italian equivalent to <to ask> is <chiedere>
chiedere
1 vt
a (per sapere) to ask , (per avere) to ask for, (intervista) to ask for, request, (intervento, volontari) to call for
chiedere qc a qn to ask sb for sth, ask sb sth
chiedi a Lidia come si chiama il suo cane ask Lidia what her dog's called
mi ha chiesto l'ora he asked me the time
ho chiesto il conto al cameriere I asked the waiter for the bill
mi ha chiesto degli spiccioli he asked me for some change
chiedi dov'è l'albergo ask where the hotel is
chiedersi (se) to wonder (whether) Vi
mi chiedo cosa stia facendo I wonder what she's doing
chiedere scusa a qn to apologize to sb
ho chiesto scusa a Marco I apologized to Marco
chiedo scusa! I'm sorry!
chiedere a qn di fare qc o che faccia qc to ask sb to do sth
chiedi a Giulia di spostarsi un po' ask Giulia to move over a bit
chiedere il permesso di fare qc to ask permission to do sth
chiedere notizie di qn to inquire o ask after sb
mi ha chiesto del mio viaggio he asked me about my trip
ci chiede di partire he wants us o is asking us to go
b (fraseologia) chiedere il divorzio to ask for a divorce
chiedere l'elemosina to beg
chiedere giustizia to demand justice
chiedere l'impossibile to ask (for) the impossible
chiedere la mano di qn to ask for sb's hand in marriage
chiedere la pace to sue for peace
non chiedo altro that's all I want
non chiedo altro che partire con te all I want is to leave with you
2 vi, (aus avere)
chiedere di qn (salute) to ask about o after sb, (al telefono) to ask for sb, want sb, (per vederlo) to ask for sb
tutti i miei amici chiedono di te all my friends are asking after you
c'è un certo Andrea che chiede di te someone called Andrea is looking for you
il padrone chiede di te the boss wants to see you
<chiedere vi> is a rather special meaning.
Back to <to ask> , it works as both Transitive and Intransitive. The Italian equivalent to <to ask about> is translated by using the reflective form of <informarsi>. But <informarsi> is rather special in Italian grammar.
informare
1. vt to inform, tell
informare qn di qc to inform sb of o about sth, tell sb of o about sth
avete informato la polizia? have you informed the police?
2. informarsi vip to make inquiries
informarsi di o su to inquire about, ask about, find out about
mi sono informato sugli orari dei treni I asked about train times
un'altra volta informati! next time make sure you're better informed!
vip = verbo inttrasitivo pronimnale. This vip may belong to <Advanced Italina Grammar>. See below if you are interested in vip.
https://www.lagrammaticaitaliana.it/lezioni/30/verbi-riflessivi-pronominali
Englsih <to inform> itself is tricky. Like <to rob somebody of something> it is used as
to inform somebody of something
Italian vip form <informarsi> is far more tricky.
How come <informarsi> is equivalent to < to make inquiries>
Others of <verb + qn a/di infin form>
dire (to tell)
dire a qn di fare qc to tell sb to do sth
to advise
I personnaly use <to advie> much more thna <to ask> in my business e-mails. I think it better to say (write in e-mails). I simply mean <to tell (me), to inform me of> but <to advise> sounds more polite.
Please advise (me) xxxx
than
I would like to ask (you) xxxx
to advise
vt
a. (counsel) to advise sb (on sth) consigliare qn (a proposito di qc)
to advise sb to do sth consigliare a qn di fare qc
to advise sb against sth sconsigliare qc a qn
to advise against doing sth sconsigliare a qn di fare qc
he advises the President on foreign affairs è il consigliere del Presidente in materia di affari esteri
you would be well/ill advised to go frm faresti bene/male ad andare
b. frm, inform to advise sb of sth avvisare qn di qc
The Italian equivalent is <consigilare>. <to advise spmeone not to do> is <sconsgilare a qn di infin>
pregare
insegnare (to tell how to do)
vt to teach
insegnare a qn qc/a fare qc to teach sb sth/(how) to do sth
mi ha insegnato a suonare la chitarra he taught me to play the guitar
vi insegno io a comportarvi bene! I'll teach you how to behave!
permettere
vt irreg
a. (gen, consentire) to allow, permit
permettere a qn di fare qc (autorizzare) to allow o permit sb to do sth, let sb do sth, (dare la possibilità) to enable sb to do sth, (dare il diritto) to entitle sb to do sth
non mi ha permesso di vederla he didn't allow me to see her
Note - 1
mandare
vt
a (gen) to send
mandare qc a qn to send sb sth
manderò una cartolina a Loredana I'll send Loredana a postcard
mi puoi mandare un po' di denaro? can you send me some money?
glielo manderò I'll send it to him
mando sempre una cartolina a tutti i miei amici I always send postcards to all my friends
mandare qc per posta/per via aerea to send sth through the o by post/by air
mandare a chiamare qn to send for sb
mandare a dire (a qn) to send word (to sb)
mandare due righe a qn to drop sb a line
mandare qn in prigione to send sb to prison
mandare un bacio a qn to blow sb a kiss
mandare in pezzi (vaso, vetro) to shatter
mandare in rovina to ruin
che Dio ce la mandi buona! God help us!
Note -2
domadare
1 vt
a (per sapere, ora, nome, indirizzo) to ask
domandare qc a qn to ask sb sth
mi ha domandato l'ora he asked me the time
mi ha domandato se volevo andare alla festa he asked me if I wanted to go to the party
b (per ottenere, informazione, consiglio, aiuto) to ask for
domandare qc a qn to ask sb for sth
domandare il permesso di o per fare qc to ask permission to do sth
domandare scusa a qn to beg sb's pardon, say sorry to sb
domandare un favore a qn to ask sb a favour, ask a favour of sb
domandare la parola to ask leave o permission to speak
c domandarsi to wonder, ask o.s.
mi domando dove possa essere I wonder where it can be
mi domando e dico perché devo rimanere qua? why on earth have I got to stay here?
2 vi, (aus avere)
domandare di qn (chiedere come sta) to ask after sb
mi ha domandato di te she asked after you, (voler vedere o parlare a) to ask for sb
c'è un signore che domanda di te (al telefono) there's a gentleman asking to speak to you, (voler vedere) there's a gentleman asking to speak to o see you
domandare non si traduce mai con la parola inglese demand
sptt
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